Essay on Thanthai Periyar Thanthai Periyar E.V. Ramasamy (1879–1973) was one of the most influential social reformers in Indian history, particularly in Tamil Nadu. Known as the “Father of the Dravidian Movement,” Periyar dedicated his entire life to fighting against social inequalities, caste discrimination, superstitions, and patriarchal oppression. His thoughts, speeches, and revolutionary work laid the foundation for a more egalitarian society and inspired political, social, and cultural transformations that continue to shape Tamil Nadu today. Born in Erode into a prosperous family, Periyar grew up witnessing discrimination based on caste, religion, and gender. Though he briefly joined the Indian National Congress, he left the party after experiencing caste-based humiliation during his Vaikom Satyagraha participation in Kerala. This incident marked a turning point, pushing him towards a lifelong mission of social justice and rationalism. Periyar’s most significant contribution was the founding of the Self-Respect Movement in 1925. This movement encouraged people to reject caste hierarchy, challenge religious orthodoxy, and demand equality in every sphere of life. He strongly advocated for widow remarriage, women’s education, inter-caste marriages, and questioned rituals that oppressed marginalized communities. His rationalist stance encouraged people to think critically, question authority, and reject blind faith. Periyar was also a fierce critic of Brahminical domination and fought for the rights of non-Brahmin communities. This struggle later influenced the creation of the Dravidian political movement, ultimately leading to social reforms, reservation policies, and a political landscape in Tamil Nadu that emphasized social justice and welfare. Another major aspect of Periyar’s work was his advocacy for women’s liberation. He believed that true freedom was impossible without gender equality. He promoted the idea that women should have equal rights in education, employment, property, and personal freedom. His views were far ahead of his time and continue to resonate in contemporary discussions on women’s rights. Though some of his ideas and methods were controversial, Periyar never compromised on his principles. His boldness in questioning age-old traditions and his relentless pursuit of a casteless, rational society earned him both criticism and admiration. Yet his contributions undeniably transformed Tamil society, reducing caste oppression and promoting progressive values. In conclusion, Thanthai Periyar remains a towering figure in India’s history of social reform. His teachings continue to inspire movements for equality, rational thinking, and human dignity. Periyar’s legacy is not just a historical memory but a living force that encourages society to question injustice and strive for a more inclusive future.